Abstract:
Cognitive neuroscience is the scientific field that is concerned with the study of the biological processes and aspects that underlie cognition, with a specific focus on the neural connections in the brain which are involved in mental processes. It addresses the questions of how cognitive activities are affected or controlled by neural circuits in the brain. Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of both neuroscience and psychology, overlapping with disciplines such as behavioral neuroscience, cognitive psychology, physiological psychology and affective neuroscience. Cognitive neuroscience relies upon theories in cognitive science coupled with evidence from neurobiology, and computational modeling.
Keywords:mental process, cognition, neuroscience, psychology.
Introduction:
Cognitive neuroscience is a subfield of neuroscience that studies the biological processes that underlie human cognition, especially in regards to the relation between brain structures, activity, and cognitive functions. The purpose is to determine how the brain functions and achieves performance. Cognitive neuroscience is considered as a branch of both psychology and neuroscience, because it combines the biological sciences with the behavioral sciences, such as psychiatry and psychology. Technologies that measure brain activity, like functional neuroimaging, can provide insight into behavioral observations when behavioral data is insufficient. Decision-making is an example of a biological process that influences cognition.

Cognitive neuroscience is an interdisciplinary area of study that has emerged from neuroscience and psychology. There were several stages in these disciplines that changed the way researchers approached their investigations and that led to the field becoming fully established.
Although the task of it is to describe how the brain creates the mind, historically it has progressed by investigating how a certain area of the brain supports a given mental faculty.
The phrenologist movement failed to supply a scientific basis for its theories and has since been rejected. The aggregate field view, meaning all areas of the brain participated in all behavior, was also rejected as a result of brain mapping. Perhaps the first serious attempt to localize mental functions to specific areas in the human brain was by Broca and Wernicke. This was mostly achieved by studying the effects of injuries on different parts of the brain on psychological functions. These studies formed the basis for neuropsychology, one of the central areas of research, which began to establish links between behavior and its neural substrates.
Several findings in the 20th century continued to advance the field. Findings like the discovery of ocular dominance columns, recording of single nerve cells in animals, and coordination of eye and head movements were major contributions. Experimental psychology was significant in the foundation of cognitive neuroscience. Findings include the demonstration that some tasks are accomplished via discrete processing stages, the study of attention, and the notion that behavioral data do not provide enough information by themselves to explain mental processes. As a result, some experimental psychologists began to investigate the neural bases of behavior.
Cognitive science is the scientific study of thought, learning, and the human mind. It is an interdisciplinary field that combines ideas and methods from neuroscience, neuropsychology, psychology, computer science, linguistics, and philosophy. It draws from the research developments in neuroscience. The broad goal of cognitive science is to characterize the nature of human knowledge – its forms and content – and how that knowledge is used, processed and acquired. It spans many levels of analysis, from low-level learning and decision mechanisms to high-level logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization.
Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system. It developed as a branch of biology, but quickly grew into an interdisciplinary field drawing from disciplines such as psychology, computer science, statistics, physics, philosophy, and medicine. The scope of neuroscience has broadened. It now includes different approaches used to study the molecular, developmental, structural, functional, evolutionary, medical, and computational models of the nervous system.
Before the 1980s, interaction between neuroscience and cognitive science was scarce. Interdisciplinary research studies awarded the 2014 Brain Prize, 2014 Nobel Prize, and 2017 Brain Prize helped advance the acceptance of these two fields’ joint contributions to one another.
Cognitive neuroscience is an interdisciplinary area of study that has emerged from neuroscience and psychology. There were several stages in these disciplines that changed the way researchers approached their investigations and that led to the field becoming fully established.
Although the task of it is to describe how the brain creates the mind, historically it has progressed by investigating how a certain area of the brain supports a given mental faculty.
The phrenologist movement failed to supply a scientific basis for its theories and has since been rejected. The aggregate field view, meaning all areas of the brain participated in all behavior, was also rejected as a result of brain mapping. Perhaps the first serious attempt to localize mental functions to specific areas in the human brain was by Broca and Wernicke. This was mostly achieved by studying the effects of injuries on different parts of the brain on psychological functions. These studies formed the basis for neuropsychology, one of the central areas of research, which began to establish links between behavior and its neural substrates.
Brain mapping began with Hitzig and Fritsch’s experiments published in 1870. These studies formed the research that was further developed through methods such as positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The Nobel Prize of 1906 recognized Golgi and Cajal’s essential work on the neuron doctrine.
Unique language between physics of human brain and psychology:
Emotional experiences are ubiquitous in nature and important and perhaps even critical in academic settings, as emotion modulates virtually every aspect of cognition. Tests, examinations, homework, and deadlines are associated with different emotional states that encompass frustration, anxiety, and boredom.
Emotion has a substantial influence on the cognitive processes in humans, including perception, attention, learning, memory, reasoning, and problem solving. Emotion has a particularly strong influence on attention, especially modulating the selectivity of attention as well as motivating action and behavior. This attentional and executive control is intimately linked to learning processes, as intrinsically limited attentional capacities are better focused on relevant information.
Human emotions comprise complex interactions of subjective feelings as well as physiological and behavioral responses that are especially triggered by external stimuli, which are subjectively perceived as “personally significant.”
understanding information on the brain is essential in laying a foundation for anger management. Your brain is the center of your logic and emotions. By understanding how your body works, you can make better sense over why you think and feel what you do when angry.
For example, say youre in a crowded restaurant and the noise of chatter from dozens of conversations fills the air. Suddenly a waiter drops a tray with several glasses, which crashes and shatters as they hit the floor. Automatically, the restaurant comes to a dramatic halt as everyone simultaneously falls to a hush. There is an instinctual reflex to stop and freeze when there is a sudden loud noise.
This raises the important point that the brain doesnt immediately know if an experience is real or imagined. How can this be? While the amygdala and prefrontal cortex are working towards the same goal, to help you survive, they come at the problem from different directions.
Think youre watching a movie. If it is a scary movie and you hear a noise outside, your amygdala will say, Get up and lock the door. Your prefrontal cortex knows there is no ax murderer outside but you will likely get up and lock the door anyways. Or say youre watching a sad movie. You know it is a movie and no one died, but you may begin to cry anyways. All of these circumstance sets off false alarms, which unleashes the same level of feeling as if the real event were happening. This means that if the brain cant tell what is dangerous and what isnt, everything seems like a threatened.your body reacted very well and very quick to answer your sadness or fear bedside your imagination that your brain process it by neurons.
lets be specific in context of anger.
Like other emotions, anger is experienced in our bodies as well as in our minds. In fact, there is a complex series of physiological (body) events that occurs as we become angry.
We already know Emotions more or less begin inside two almond-shaped structures in our brains which are called the amygdala.

The amygdala is the part of the brain responsible for identifying threats to our well-being, and for sending out an alarm when threats are identified that results in us taking steps to protect ourselves.
As you become angry your body's muscles tense up. Inside your brain, neurotransmitter chemicals known as catecholamines are released causing you to experience a burst of energy lasting up to several minutes. This burst of energy is behind the common angry desire to take immediate protective action.
Each person has their own unique reasons for being angry. When you are in a situation that increases the possibility of you becoming angry, your neurons quickly transmit this situation so that your body can adopt a defensive or confrontational reaction to the situation you are in. In the continuation of this process, you will get angry and stay in this state for a while. What's interesting, and even surprising, is that your reasons for getting angry are very specific and vary from person to person.
Something may have happened to you as a child and you are afraid of re-experiencing it as an adult. That's why being in that position will make you angry. The personalization of your brain, and your brain's response to your unique experiences, indicates that there is a special connection and a common language between the physics of your brain and your dominant psychology.
"Time" as an important tool:
Reaction time or response time refers to the amount of time that takes places between when we perceive something to when we respond to it. It is the ability to detect, process, and respond to a stimulus.
Reaction time depends on various factors:
Perception: Seeing, hearing, or feeling a stimulus with certainty is essential to having good reaction time. When the starter shoots the gun at the beginning of a race, the sound is received by the athlete's ears (they perceive the stimulus).
Processing: In order to have good reaction time, it's necessary to be focused and understand the information well. Following the previous example, the runners, after hearing the gun, will be able to distinguish the sound from other background noise and know that it is time to start running (process the stimulus).
Response: Motor agility is necessary in order to be able to act and have good response time. When the runners perceived and correctly processes the signal, they started moving their legs (respond to the stimulus).
We refer to neurons as the basic building blocks of nerve cells, and we know that in different situations in different parts of the brain, they start to engage in specific activity. Scientists based on the time it takes for your brain to react to an external environmental change. show, they determine the health of your brain.
test:


When you read Persian poetry, you understand it completely, but the second photo is a Hebrew letter that you cannot read.
There are several results that we will discuss.
Discuss and conclusion:
The first result is that your mobile phone easily recognizes the difference between these two texts. The second result is that he can read Persian poetry and very quickly replace the words that have disappeared so that they are completely appropriate and correct. The third result is that he can quickly make a logical conclusion of Persian poetry, and even make a secondary impression in his mind to look at the issue more comprehensively. (This issue has a survival function.)
Scientists realized that if a person is given 100 letters to read or if they are given 10 difficult letters and 90 easy letters, the process of understanding and reading slows down compared to the situation where the letters are few and easy. This means that the brain executes the process of memorizing, understanding, and retelling as a series and moves all of these in parallel. This is an important result in understanding how importance is time in cognitive.
References:
www.cognifit.com
www.mentalhelp.net
www.psychcentral.com
www.frontiersin.org
www.scholarpedia.org
www.psychology.iresearchnet.com
Youtube
Wikipedia
